Business Central is Microsoft's ERP for small and mid sized organizations, descended from Navision and carrying decades of accumulated depth. Finance, inventory, purchasing, sales, projects, service and light manufacturing all sit in one system, and the case for it usually starts with the fact that you are already a Microsoft organization.
The Microsoft argument is the real argument
Excel integration is genuine two way editing rather than an export. Teams, Outlook and Power BI are first class rather than connectors, and the Power Platform lets an internal analyst build automations and apps against ERP data without a developer. If your finance team lives in Excel and your company lives in Teams, that ecosystem fit is worth more than a feature comparison suggests.
Pricing
Essentials is 80 dollars per user per month paid yearly, Premium is 110 and adds service management and manufacturing, and Team Members is 8 for people who only need to read data and approve. That Team Members licence matters more than it looks, because most organizations have far more people who consume ERP data than transact in it.
Note that the list price moved up from where it sat for several years, so any budget built on an older number will be short.
The partner decides your outcome
Microsoft does not implement this. A partner does, and the variance between partners is larger than the variance between mid market ERP products. Reviewers with a good partner describe a system that fits their business. Reviewers with a poor one describe eighteen months and a rebuild. Ask for references in your industry and call them.
Where it frustrates people
The interface is dense and the terminology comes from an older tradition, so new finance staff need weeks rather than days. Customization beyond configuration needs an AL developer, and they are neither cheap nor plentiful. Twice yearly release waves are good for the product and mean a testing cycle you have to staff.